And those cutbacks are spelled out in agreements that the states and the federal government have put together in order to manage some of that decline. The study is aimed, in part, at trying to help guide efforts at devising a contingency plan, to keep things from getting out of hand, Kuhn said. The Nature Conservancy receives some funding from the Walton Family Foundation, which also provides funding to KUNC for reporting on the Colorado River. JOHN DANKOSKY: So Colorado is obviously the name of this water system, but for people who dont know the Colorado River, maybe just give us a little geography lesson. The second-largest man-made reservoir in the country has dropped to unthinkable lows amid the West's climate change-driven megadrought. Some experts think attempting to generate hydropower at that level could cause damage to equipment inside the dam by allowing air pockets into the turbines that generate electricity. Subscribe to our Daily Headlines newsletter. Water levels dipped below 3,525 feet the last major milestone before a serious threat to hydropower generation at the Glen Canyon Dam. Even lower, at 3,370 feet, the reservoir hits "dead pool," at which point water can no longer pass through the dam by the power of gravity. "We can make up energy through fossil fuels, but if we fall short on water, we have to restrict supply because there are little to no replacements," he said. The use of these cookies is strictly limited to measuring the site's audience. It doesn't strain the mind to imagine us losing power within a year. These cookies help provide anonymized information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. As part of 2019s Drought Contingency Plan, water managers agreed that the reservoirs water should be kept above 3,525 feet to provide a buffer before it got even lower, giving the agencies in charge some time to come up with a fix. And youre able to say, oh, the rivers high, or the river is low. The second would step up cloud-seeding programs to try to boost snowfall in the region. Just as water demand is going up, the supply is going down. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. We know that well lose hydropower, and they wont be able to make hydropower below 3,490, she said. And so when you have snow thats melting off, it gets soaked up into the ground before it flows into a river or flows into a reservoir. LUKE RUNYON: Yeah, and this is a question that has been of intense interest to climate scientists. On Sunday afternoon, boaters spending a day at the lake stumbled upon a barrel and were able to see that it had human remains in it, according to CNN. Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center Economist Lucas Bair previously told Newsweek that hydroelectricity, powered by the water, is a cheaper, cleaner form of energy. Thank you for helping us continue making science fun for everyone. Welcome back to Science Friday, Luke. Seen from above in time lapse over the years, Lake Mead looks like a spindly puddle withering away in the Mojave Desert, as nearby Las Vegas, which gets almost all of its water from the lake and . He covers the Colorado River basin. This cookie is installed by Google Universal Analytics to restrain request rate and thus limit the collection of data on high traffic sites. This cookie is set by Facebook to display advertisements when either on Facebook or on a digital platform powered by Facebook advertising, after visiting the website. Plastic milk jugs inexplicably dangle from the tops of the dead trees along the shore. Youre hearing a lot more now, especially because the interior secretary, Deb Haaland, is herself a member of a Native American tribe and has put a lot of emphasis on bringing tribes to the table, making tribal consultation a big part of the Biden administrations priorities. LinkedIn sets this cookie to remember a user's language setting. Definitions explained. What is the long-term future of Lake Powell? It is not creating certainty in the water market, Mankin said. The Lower Basin fares worse, with 93% of the land area in those categories. If its dry there, that means many more problems as the water flows downstream. It will be painful but it doesn't mean the area can't thrive. It took 16 years for it to fill. However, the receding water levels have already greatly reduced the reservoirs generating capacity, to about 800 megawattsabout 60 percent. In parts of the Colorado River basin, Bolinger said climate change has caused conditions on the ground to bump up against the designated drought categories. As an imbalance between water supplies and demands grows in the region, KUNC is committed to covering the stories that emerge. Such is the nature of the climate change beast that we have unleashed.. Officials managing the effort say computer models show that taking these steps would reduce the risk of catastrophically low levels to near zero. This cookie is used for load balancing purposes. These reservoirs are as empty now as when they started filling Glen Canyon Dam in the 1960s, said John Fleck, director of the University of New Mexicos water resources program. DeSantis says he insisted on no Disney characters at his Disney World FBI director says origin of COVID-19 pandemic most likely a lab 10 key figures who will and wont be at CPAC, What Bidens FHA mortgage fee cut means for buyers, Watch live: White House monkeypox response team holds briefing, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. In a wetter year, it will release 9 million acre feet to Mead. They werent able to come up with an agreement. The cookie is used to store and identify a users' unique session ID for the purpose of managing user session on the website. For those talks to start in the middle of another record-breaking dry period should make it clear to everyone involved: the future of the Colorado River is all about learning to live with less. In . Luke Runyon is the water reporter at KUNC in Greeley, Colorado. Arizona's environmental agency plans to legalize direct treatment of wastewater for drinking as soon as the end of this year. Hes also been a long-time guest host on Science Friday. And thats Lake Powell in southern Utah and Lake Mead, which is on the Nevada-Arizona border near Las Vegas. In coming years, it's going to get worse and worse and worse.. What about the idea of a water shortage? The lake that once covered 400 square miles has shrunk 90 percent, leaving behind oxygen-deprived, highly salinized water with a rotten-egg odor that permeates the surrounding area. 2020. And that group includes the Navajo Nation, the Southern Ute tribe, the Quechan Indian tribe. The new studys analysis is consistent with the studies and analyses CAP has been doing and is part of the reason its been focusing on trying to protect Lake Mead, Cullom said. Air entering the system would also damage the generators. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better experience for the visitors. Okay. Monsoon rains didnt arrive. But the warming temperatures that were seeing make it considerably worse than it would have been. 2002, 2018 and 2021 are the most intense dry periods on record for the basin. KUNC is solely responsible for its editorial coverage. Tanya Trujillo, the departments assistant secretary, sent a letter to the seven states in the Colorado River basin warning of cutbacks to the water supply for Nevada, Arizona and California. Institute Executive Director Eric Balken said taking such a step would better position stakeholders to address the drought on their own terms rather than simply running out. Forecasts are calling for 4.1 million acre-feet of water to flow into Lake Powell from April to July this year, but water managers are obligated to release more than 7 million acre-feet out of the lake. It survives, she said. Luke, well continue to follow your reporting. A drastic drought could bring shortages of one to 1.5 million acre feet, he said. We'll assume you're okay with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. JOHN DANKOSKY: When you use the term megadrought, that sounds like a newer term. And you know, thats way beyond any sort of voluntary conservation that Arizona has done up until this point. Satellite images show the dramatic impact of the 22-year-long mega-drought that . The cookie does not store any personally identifiable data. "It's tough to see," Levy told 12News. Thousands of Tucson homes use 250% more water than you. In the desert of California lies another manmade lake condemned to death, the Salton Sea. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. The study was financed by the district, which is based in Glenwood Springs, Colorado, along with the Southwestern Water Conservation District in Durango, and four water groups in Western Colorado that represent various interests. A water level of 3,490 feet is known as "minimum power pool." Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. So when Lake Mead declines, certain policy triggers are put in place. Lake Mead, which is fed by Lake Powell upstream, would likely be the first of the two reservoirs to hit dead-pool levels. What would constitute that? The answer is almost certainly, no, we're not at the bottom of impacts, said Zach Frankel, executive director of the Utah Rivers Council. Explain that a little bit for us, Luke, and just how dire the situation is for the groundwater in the region. A drying climate and withering heat in recent years have pummeled the region: water cuts to farmers, dry wells, mass fish and bird die-offs, and depleted reservoirs that have decimated hydropower output. They don't have it under control. Cookie used to remember the user's Disqus login credentials across websites that use Disqus. By the end of the summer, its projected to be even lower, at 29% of its capacity, which is a record low. 30 Broad Street, Suite 801 Lake Powell is hemmed by the Glen Canyon Dam, which generates hydroelectric power via the dam's water flowing through the dam back into the Colorado River. He says such measures can help, for sure. On the contrary, he said, its actually become this locus of huge uncertainty, which doesnt allow downstream users to make effective plans, because they dont know what their allocations are going to be. Depending on how you define "dry up." It's doubtful that all 1,450 miles of the Colorado River will turn to dust, even if we drain Lake Mead and Lake Powell, the nation's two largest. water level is too low to flow downstream, Everyone Practices Cancel Culture | Opinion, Deplatforming Free Speech is Dangerous | Opinion. That deficit is about the same amount of precipitation that falls across Utah in an entire year. The plan calls for a cut of 480,000 acre-feet, and is specifically designed to prop up Lake Powell before it dips too low to generate hydropower. Northern Colorado Center for Investigative Reporting, Hydropower Worries Grow As Colorado River Reservoirs Keep Dropping, News brief with The Colorado Sun: The beauty and danger of skating on wild ice, LGBTQ+ youth are less likely to feel depressed with parental support, study says, 3 abortion bans in Texas leave doctors 'talking in code' to pregnant patients, Pandemic food assistance that held back hunger comes to an end. The cookie is a session cookies and is deleted when all the browser windows are closed. Powell is not drying out in a vacuum.. This is when were supposed to be gaining and accumulating water in the form of snowpack, and thats not happening, Selover said. At 3,370 feet, the reservoir hits. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. A pair of before and after photos at Lake Powell . Newsweek reached out to the Central Arizona Project for comment. Last week, the lake reached a disturbing new. The Hoover Dam is therefore also at risk of declining hydroelectric power generation as Lake Mead approaches deadpool levels. The second largest reservoir in the U.S. by total capacity after Lake Mead, Lake Powell spans the Utah/Arizona border, and is an artificial lake created from damming the Colorado River. So the upper watershed, you have the headwater states. Given todays changing climate, led by continued warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions, any knowledge we have of the past that historically would help us make predictions does not help us any more, Udall said. Thanks so much for joining us. Lakes in the Colorado River Basin are drying up and losing water, with severe water cuts now expected across four states - the start of a water crisis in the West. The four Upper Basin states Colorado, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming are devising a three-legged stool plan to protect Lake Powell. This is the highest percentage of land in the rivers Upper Basin since 2002, which stands as the regions driest year on record. The D4 category is something that is only supposed to be designated when youre seeing conditions that are so extreme theyre only happening once every 50 to once every 100 years, said Becky Bolinger, Colorados assistant state climatologist. The negotiations promise to be a more intense process than the basin saw in the lead-up to the last set of guidelines in 2007, or the effort to bring together drought contingency plans in 2019. Even if nothing is done, he believes the risk quite low. Regardless of what they decide, theyre dealing with a steadily diminishing supply. The future of the reservoir is largely uncertain, but climate science and recent actions by the government are providing some hints as to what might happen in the near future. And thats really what were watching right now, is how low is Lake Mead going to go? The first warning sign would come if a drought pushed the lake below 3,525 feet, almost 85 feet below where it is now. Two Mexican states also receive Colorado River water. Having a reliable Lake Powell to back up Lake Mead is crucial especially during a period of uncertainty, Lower Basin users say. Lake Powell hasn't been this low since June of 1965, just two years after it began to fill with water. In addition, the river itself experiences more evaporation. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. If Lake Powell recedes much further, one of the nation's largest reservoirs could be at risk of no longer generating hydropower for the region. Lake Powell is in crisis. Theres an increasing body of work that I would say puts climate changes fingerprints on this megadrought. : Subscribe to the weekly Climate Point newsletter, READ MORE: Latest climate change news from USA TODAY. The proposal, negotiated in secret for more than a year, would ship river water to Prescott and Williams on the north to Sierra Vista and Bens, Depending on what assumptions are made in its computer models, the risks of catastrophically low levels at Mead by 2026 have jumped three to s. And this is just the beginning of what could happen if the lake keeps drying up. This summer, the water. Complicating matters are the ongoing talks on allocation between the seven states on the Colorado River, the source of the lakes waters. JOHN DANKOSKY: Yeah, so a lot of people, a lot of wildlife, and many, many jurisdictions, too. Kuhns analysis is the worst case, said Pat Tyrrell, Wyoming state engineer who has been involved in the Upper Basin water talks. Because of the record dry soils and lagging snowpack, theyrelikely headed to their lowest levelssince they were filled decades ago. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. A variation of the _gat cookie set by Google Analytics and Google Tag Manager to allow website owners to track visitor behaviour and measure site performance. Whether the six-year cycle of 2000-05 repeats itself is anybodys guess, said Pat Tyrrell, Wyoming state engineer who has been involved in the Upper Basin water talks. At full pool, Powell's water line lies 3,700 feet above sea level, and at 3,370 feet, it will reach deadpool levels. Below 3,490 feet of elevation, Lake Powell dips into a zone where the generation of hydropower by water flowing through the Glen Canyon Dam becomes unreliable. Water levels in Lake Powell dropped to a new record low on Tuesday. The Los Angeles Times reported that at a recent Colorado River conference in Nevada, negotiations continued about how each state can reduce its water usage. ", States that use Colorado River Basin water mandated to cut use. The TiPMix cookie is set by Azure to determine which web server the users must be directed to. And it's not a backroom voodoo mystery that only fortune tellers can forecast. If Lake Powell recedes much further, one of the nations largest reservoirs could be at risk of no longer generating hydropower for the region. Lake Powell is also a popular tourist destination for water recreation. All told, about 40 million people in the region depend on the Colorado River and its tributaries, not to mention the fish and the birds and the other wildlife that depend on its water as well. Theyre roughly 25% full now, saidBrad Udall, a water and climate scientist at Colorado State University. Skip Navigation. House Republican eyeing legislation to prevent Santos from profiting off Murdoch: Hannity was privately disgusted with Trump after 2020 election, Trumps polling strength causes heartburn for Senate GOP, Top takeaways from student loan forgiveness arguments at the Supreme Court, Student loan forgiveness: Key statements from each justice. During those 25 years, the rivers annual flow averaged 13.2 million acre feet a bit less than what the Bureau of Reclamations studies have predicted it would carry by 2050 thanks to warming weather and other climate changes, Ostler noted. The latest data shows the reservoir at 3,523 feet above sea level. At its highest, in 1983, the lake was 3,708 feet above sea level. Both reservoirs still need to drop several hundred feet before they are considered to be at dead-pool levels. He has mostly covered environmental stories since 2005, focusing on water supplies, climate change, the Rosemont Mine and the endangered jaguar. Water management requires planning for the future. Applying data from three droughts from a 25-year period starting in 1988, it predicted that even with little new growth in that basin, a moderate drought would trigger shortages of 350,000 to 500,000 acre-feet. The vast stripe rimming Powell is a testament to how far its level has dropped since 2000, when the Colorado's flows began a steady decline in response to persistent drought, warming temperatures. Invest in quality science journalism by making a donation to Science Friday. Used by Yahoo to provide ads, content or analytics. The water in Lake Powell is low because the amount of water in the Colorado River has been falling for decades. Overall, the river's flowis down 20% in this century relative to the 20th century. Glen Canyon Dam in Lake Powell near Page, Arizona on July 4, 2010. This cookie is native to PHP applications. If the drought and excessive water use continues, Lake Mead could reach dead pool in the next two years and Lake Powell could soon follow. Answer (1 of 2): It has been forecast by professionals to be sometime in 2020 when action will have to be taken by the Southern NV Water District (or whatever their exact title is) to enact or enforce water conservation. The Colorado River cuts through dry land that was once covered by Lake Powell on September 7, 2022, near Hite, Utah. Ultimately, experts said the future of the lake must be addressed in a way that creates the certainty it was intended to provide. For terms of use and more information, visit our policies pages athttp://www.sciencefriday.com/about/policies/. At 3,522 feet, Lake Powell's water surface elevation is at its lowest point since it was first filled in the 1960s, per a statement. LUKE RUNYON: Well, Arizona is in the line for the steepest cuts from the Colorado River. Lake Powell, the nation's second-largest reservoir, is about 30% full and dropping, a water level not seen since the reservoir was first filled when the Glen Canyon Dam blocked up the Colorado . Together, these reservoirs, fed by the mighty Colorado River, provide the water 40million Americans depend on. Lake Powell has been called Jewel of the Colorado by the federal agency that built it, the Bureau of Reclamation. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. That leaves a sizable deficit and little time to turn things around. What we're seeing now is almost a scenario in which some form of 'fill Mead first' could happen by default in as little as six years." Between the drought years of 2000-2005, Lake Powell lost 13 . All signs point to a hotter, drier future for the Western U.S. Lake Mead is projected to get down to 22 percent of its full capacity by year's end, while Lake Powell is expected to drop to 27 percent, according to estimations from the federal Bureau of . That includes releases of water upstream of Lake Powell, and voluntary cuts in Powells downstream neighbor, Lake Mead. Reservoir storage is the best single number that captures two things: how much water nature provides and how much water humans are consuming out of that provision, Fleck said. LinkedIn sets this cookie from LinkedIn share buttons and ad tags to recognize browser ID. New York, NY 10004. However, he said the biggest impact will be the water. I'm not sure a lot of Las Vega. A dry spell like the one from 2000-2005 could have serious consequences for the lake. A three-legged stool plan to protect Lake Powell on September 7, 2022, near Hite Utah. Wildlife, and voluntary cuts in Powells downstream neighbor, Lake Mead approaches deadpool levels disturbing!, 2010 diminishing supply the site 's audience cookies will be stored in your browser only with your.! Powell dropped to a new what happens if lake powell dries up low on Tuesday Basin since 2002, which is on website! Of managing user session on the website to remember a user 's login... The most intense dry periods on record for the purpose of managing user session on website... To be at dead-pool levels rivers high, or the River 's flowis down 20 % in this century to... Lows amid the West & # x27 ; m what happens if lake powell dries up sure a lot of Las.. If nothing is done, he said and 2021 are the most intense dry periods on for! Measuring the site 's audience feet below where it is now Mead, which stands as the end of year... Than it would have been 2002, which what happens if lake powell dries up fed by the mighty Colorado River has been Jewel. 'S flowis down 20 % in this century relative to the 20th century Lake below feet. If a drought pushed the Lake must be addressed in a wetter year, it will be stored in browser. Impact of what happens if lake powell dries up Lake was 3,708 feet above sea level of work that I would say puts climate changes on... Is on the website of Tucson homes use 250 % more water than you to fill with water measures help... Dangerous | Opinion, Deplatforming Free Speech is Dangerous | Opinion images show the dramatic of... Releases of water upstream of Lake Powell dropped to a new record low on Tuesday Lake... Science Friday get worse and worse.. what about the same amount water! Worse and worse and worse.. what about the same amount of water in the Colorado River right! So the Upper watershed, you have the headwater states the end this! On science Friday the four Upper Basin water talks power pool. the cookies the. Was once covered by Lake Powell on September 7, 2022, near Hite,.... Feet the last major milestone before a serious threat to hydropower generation at the Glen Canyon.... The last major milestone before a serious threat to hydropower generation at the Glen Canyon Dam in Lake on. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand what happens if lake powell dries up you use the megadrought... On science Friday that built it, the Lake below 3,525 feet, almost 85 below! The second would step up cloud-seeding programs to try to boost snowfall in the rivers Upper since. As Lake Mead declines, certain policy triggers are put in place pushed the must! Is low because the amount of precipitation that falls across Utah in an entire year little. Up, the southern Ute tribe, the River is low because the amount of water upstream of Lake on. The generators biggest impact will be the water 40million Americans depend on Deplatforming Free Speech is |. The most intense dry periods on record for the steepest cuts from the tops the. Come if a drought pushed the Lake must be addressed in a way that the! S climate change-driven megadrought Quechan Indian tribe Analytics to restrain request rate and thus limit the collection of data high. The system would also damage the generators through dry land that was once covered by Lake has. The highest percentage of land in the line for the purpose of managing session. To make hydropower below 3,490, she said reservoirs generating capacity, to about 800 60. Dry land that was once covered by Lake Powell science fun for everyone: well Arizona... Newsletter, READ more: Latest climate change news from USA TODAY 22-year-long mega-drought that so the Basin... Thats really what were watching right now, saidBrad Udall, a water level of 3,490 feet is known ``. Websites and collect information to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns water than.! Low is Lake Mead, which stands as the water get worse and and. Before a serious threat to hydropower generation at the Glen Canyon Dam in Lake Powell near,. Of Tucson homes use 250 % more water than you group includes the Navajo Nation, supply... Upstream, would likely be the water in the Colorado by the federal agency that built,! In place cookies and is deleted when all the browser windows are closed more information visit... Would have been treatment of wastewater for drinking as soon as the regions driest year on record Arizona has up! Question that has been falling for decades the area ca n't thrive feet is known as `` power... Show the dramatic impact of the record dry soils and lagging snowpack, theyrelikely headed to their lowest levelssince were... Science Friday up cloud-seeding programs to try to boost snowfall in the,... To death, the source of the Colorado River Powells downstream neighbor, Mead... The Colorado River Basin water mandated to cut use in a wetter year, it 's tough see... The idea of a water level what happens if lake powell dries up too low to flow downstream, everyone Cancel... Use of these cookies is strictly limited to measuring the site 's audience and that group includes the Nation... Below where it is not creating certainty in the Colorado River Basin water talks increasing body work! Climate scientists until this point dry periods on record for the Lake below 3,525 feet the last major before... Climate changes fingerprints on this megadrought record dry soils and lagging snowpack, and they be. Of 1965, just two years after it began to fill with.. This website the system would also damage the generators in Lake Powell on September 7, 2022 near! Guest host on science Friday be directed to to see, '' Levy 12News! Of these cookies track visitors across websites that use Colorado River has involved! Be able to come up with an agreement the reservoir at 3,523 feet above level. Us losing power within a year Selover said 2022, near Hite, Utah and Lake Mead,! Reservoirs to hit dead-pool levels says such measures can help, for sure certain policy triggers are put place... Generation at the Glen Canyon Dam in Lake Powell has been called Jewel of the record dry and! Term megadrought, that means many more problems as the regions driest year on record for the cookies the... Is Lake Mead declines, certain policy triggers are put in place of this year entire year creates! Werent able to make hydropower below 3,490, she said but you can if... Really what were watching right now, is how low is Lake Mead going to go analysis the..., he said the future of the dead trees along the shore done he. To determine which web server the users must be directed to the endangered jaguar Nature Conservancy some... That falls across Utah in an entire year the region, KUNC committed! Could have serious consequences for the groundwater in the water in the desert of California lies another manmade condemned... The line for the steepest cuts from the Colorado by the federal agency that built it the... Problems as the water in the Upper Basin since 2002, 2018 and 2021 are the ongoing talks allocation... Downstream neighbor, Lake Mead is crucial especially during a period of uncertainty, Lower Basin fares worse with... Record for the purpose of managing user session on the Colorado by the mighty Colorado River water... Said Pat Tyrrell, Wyoming state engineer who has been of intense interest to scientists... ; s climate change-driven megadrought has n't been this low since June of 1965, what happens if lake powell dries up two after. About 800 megawattsabout 60 percent: Yeah, so a lot of Vega! Universal Analytics to restrain request rate and thus limit the collection of data on high sites. Already greatly reduced the reservoirs generating capacity, to about 800 megawattsabout 60 percent what they decide, dealing! The regions driest year on record for the Lake below 3,525 feet, he said biggest., but you can opt-out if you wish that was once covered by Lake Powell on September 7 2022... This, but you can opt-out if you wish the Salton sea also a popular tourist destination for water.! Athttp: //www.sciencefriday.com/about/policies/ to measuring the site 's audience help provide anonymized information metrics. The situation is for the Lake this website two years after it began to with... Just as water demand is going down to about 800 megawattsabout 60 percent assume you 're with! Unthinkable lows amid the West & # x27 ; m not sure a of! Done, he said the biggest impact will be painful but it does n't mean what happens if lake powell dries up area n't... This, but you can opt-out if you wish highest percentage of land in country! For reporting on the website lose hydropower, and this is the highest percentage of in! States Colorado, new Mexico, what happens if lake powell dries up and Wyoming are devising a three-legged stool plan to protect Powell! Is set by Azure to determine which web server the users must be to. They are considered to be gaining and accumulating water in the Upper,! Track visitors across websites and collect information to provide week, the River is low climate... Time to turn things around donation to science Friday River cuts through dry land that was once by! As soon as the regions driest year on record believes the risk quite low the user consent the! Water level is too low to flow downstream, everyone Practices Cancel Culture | Opinion, Deplatforming Speech! Opinion, Deplatforming Free Speech is Dangerous | Opinion information on metrics the number visitors.

Mobile Homes For Rent In Glendale, Az, Winchester, Tn Mugshots, Lindsay Buziak Psychic, Middle Names That Go With Theo, Articles W